![]() The pressure changes were recorded with a hydrophone sensor in the brain of the pig and in rats with an optical fiber sensor. In other experiments, rats were exposed via a shock tube. Underwater exposures were performed using explosives at distances recommended by safety requirements. Anesthetized pigs were exposed in positions that simulated real training scenarios. Blast overpressure was produced by a howitzer, a bazooka, an automatic rifle, underwater explosives, or a shock tube. This study characterizes the pressure-time histories of air, underwater, and localized blast, and correlates blast parameters with neuropathology. Military personnel are exposed to occupational levels of blast overpressure during training.
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